时间: 2025-04-26 21:47:09
美: [skrætʃ]
英: [skrætʃ]
n. 擦伤;抓痕;刮擦声;乱写
adj. 打草稿用的;凑合的;碰巧的
vt. 抓;刮;挖出;乱涂
vi. 抓;搔;发刮擦声;勉强糊口;退出比赛
最后更新时间:2025-04-26 21:47:09
字面意思:
"Scratch" 这个词的字面含义是“划伤”或“抓伤”,通常指用指甲或尖锐物体在表面上轻轻地划动,造成轻微的伤痕。
词性:
词源分析:
"Scratch" 源于古英语 "scracian",意为“抓、划”。其词根可能与古德语 "kratzen"(抓)和拉丁语 "scrat"(划伤)有关。
历史背景:
该单词首次出现在中世纪的英语中,用于描述动物或人类的抓挠行为。早期文学作品中常用来形容痛苦或不适。
课本:
该词可能出现在**的初中和高中英语教材中。在牛津和美国的教材中,通常在小学和初中阶段引入,因其基本含义容易理解。
正式与非正式语境:
特殊场合:
在科学领域,"scratch" 可用于描述实验中的划痕测试,例如材料的耐磨性。“The scratch test measures the hardness of materials.” (划痕测试用于测量材料的硬度。)
I accidentally scratched my phone screen.
我不小心划伤了手机屏幕。
She scratched her head in confusion.
她困惑地挠了挠头。
The cat left a scratch on my arm.
猫在我手臂上留下了划痕。
He scratched his name onto the tree.
他在树上刻下了自己的名字。
The artist used a scratch technique to create texture.
艺术家使用划痕技法来创造纹理。
*. Don’t scratch the surface of the table!
不要划伤桌面的表面!
The dog scratched at the door to get in.
狗在门上刮擦以想进来。
I have a scratch on my car from the parking lot.
我的车在停车场上有一道划痕。
The doctor examined the scratch on my leg.
医生检查了我腿上的划痕。
After the incident, he had a scratch on his cheek.
**发生后,他脸颊上有一道划痕。
同义词:
反义词:
音标记忆法:
通过音标 /skrætʃ/ 来记忆,发音时注意清晰的“scr”和“atch”结合的声音,可以联想到划伤的动作。
谐音联想记忆:
可以联想“划痕”的感觉,比如“scratching”听起来像“抓”的声音,想象自己抓伤了某物。
通过以上分析,可以更全面地理解和使用 "scratch" 这个词,适应不同的语境和用途。
[V-T] If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 挠
例:He scratched himself under his arm.他在自己腋下挠了挠。
例:The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.那位老人撩起他的开襟毛衣挠了挠身子侧面。
[V-T] If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 划破
例:The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.那些树枝挂了我的夹克,划破了我的双手和脸。
[N-COUNT] Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 划伤
例:The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck.那个7岁的孩子被找到时正在哭,脸上和颈上都有划伤。
[PHRASE] If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始
例:Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。
[PHRASE] If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 绞尽脑汁思考
例:The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.这家研究所花大量时间绞尽脑汁思考怎样推进美国的生产力。