时间: 2025-04-24 04:03:41
美: ['bɪtɚ]
英: ['bɪtə]
adj. 苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的
n. 苦味；苦啤酒
adv. 激烈地；严寒刺骨地
vt. 使变苦
n. (Bitter)人名；(英、法、德、芬、捷、匈)比特
最后更新时间:2025-04-24 04:03:41
词源分析：Bitter源自古英语单词“bitter”，其词根可追溯到原始日耳曼语“*bitaraz”，意指“尖锐的、苦的”。没有前缀或后缀。
历史背景：该词在英语中的首次使用可追溯至公元前9世纪，常见于古英语文学作品中，用于描述食物和情感的苦涩。
课本：在**，"bitter" 常见于初中及高中英语教材。美国的教材中，包括《Oxford English Dictionary》和《American Heritage Dictionary》，也在初中及高中阶段引入该词。
正式与非正式语境：
特殊场合：在心理学或医学领域，bitter可用作隐喻，描述个体的负面情绪或经历。例如，“She felt a bitter disappointment after failing the exam.”
The coffee was too bitter for my taste.
这咖啡对我的口味来说太苦了。
He had a bitter argument with his friend.
他和朋友发生了激烈的争吵。
The bitter truth is that we must work harder to succeed.
苦涩的事实是我们必须更加努力才能成功。
After losing the game, the team felt bitter about their performance.
输掉比赛后，球队对他们的表现感到失望。
The bitter cold of winter can be quite harsh.
冬天的刺骨寒冷可能非常严酷。
同义词：
反义词：
[ADJ] In a bitter argument or conflict, people argue very angrily or fight very fiercely. 激烈的
例：...the scene of bitter fighting during the Second World War.…第二次世界大战期间激烈的战斗场面。
例：...a bitter attack on the government's failure to support manufacturing.…对政府未能支持制造业的猛烈抨击。
[ADV] bitterly 激烈地
例：Any such thing would be bitterly opposed by most of the world's democracies.任何此类事件都将受到世界上绝大多数民主国家的强烈反对。
[ADJ] If someone is bitter after a disappointing experience or after being treated unfairly, they continue to feel angry about it. 依然愤怒的
例：She is said to be very bitter about the way she was fired.据说她对自己被解雇的方式仍很气愤。
[ADV] bitterly 依然愤怒地
例："And he sure didn't help us," Grant said bitterly.“他确实没有帮助过我们，”格兰特仍很气愤地说。
[ADJ] A bitter taste is sharp, not sweet, and often slightly unpleasant. 苦的
例：The leaves taste rather bitter.这些叶子尝起来相当苦。
[ADJ] A bitter experience makes you feel very disappointed. You can also use bitter to emphasize feelings of disappointment. 惨痛的
例：The decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered.这个决定是个沉重的打击，他一直没有完全恢复过来。
例：A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully.大量痛苦的经历已经教会了他如何体面地认输。
[ADV] bitterly 惨痛地
例：I was bitterly disappointed to have lost yet another race so near the finish.我感到痛心沮丧，在那么接近终点的情形下又输掉了一场比赛。
[ADJ] Bitter weather, or a bitter wind, is extremely cold. 严寒的; 刺骨的
例：Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.外面，凛冽的东风挟着阵阵小雪。
[[ADV adj]] bitterly 严寒地; 刺骨地
例：It's been bitterly cold here in Moscow.在莫斯科这里，天气一直极其寒冷。